Graphs

A graph is a non-linear data structure in programming that consists of nodes (vertices) connected by edges. Graphs are used to represent relationships between entities, where nodes represent entities and edges represent connections or relationships between them. Graphs are commonly used in programming for tasks such as modeling networks, representing social relationships, solving pathfinding problems, and analyzing data structures. For example, in a social network application, a graph could be used to represent users as nodes and friendships as edges, enabling efficient operations such as finding mutual friends or recommending new connections. Additionally, graphs are used in geographical information systems (GIS) to represent road networks, where nodes represent intersections and edges represent roads connecting them.